H "O Treasury Department. 



STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION 



OCCUPATIONS 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, 



ACCORDING TO THE ALPHABETICAL ABSTRACT IN THE 

OFFICIAL REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF THE 

UNITED STATES FOR THE YEAR 1860. 



PREPARED FOR 

THE SPECIAL COMMISSIONER OF THE REVENUE, 



E. B. ELLIOTT. 






WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
186 7. 



V 



$v 



x 






OCCUPATIONS AND CONDITION 

OF THE 

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, IN 1860, STATISTICALLY CLASSIFIED. 



The classification of the occupations of the population of the United 
States herewith presented, is essentially the same as that recommen- 
ded by the Committee on Organization to the International Statistical 
Congress, at its fourth session in London, in 1860. It has already 
been adopted in Great Britain for the statistical purposes of the gov- 
ernment, having been satisfactorily employed in connection with the 
official census of England and Wales for the year 1861. 

The admirable nomenclature recommended by the committee to 
the Congress has been adopted herein only in part, it having been 
found much more convenient to retain the terms (even though fre- 
quently objectionable) employed in the official abstract from which 
the accompanying data were derived. 

This classification is based on the assumption that every person in 
the community, irrespective of age or sex, is to be accounted for. 
So exhaustive a statement, relative to the population of the United 
States, does not appear to have been aimed at, in connection with the 
late census; the occupations and condition of only about eight and one 
quarter millions* (8, 224, 171,) out of a total population of nearly thirty- 
one and one half millions, (31,443,322,) (about 26 per cent., or one 
in four) having been specified in the official abstract. It is perhaps 
worthy of remark, that this specified number does not differ greatly 
from the estimated number of males in the population between the 
ages of 18 and 60 years, to wit, 8,258,000. 

Another point aimed at in the classification is to secure, whenever 
possible, definite statements as to the occupation. For instance, in 
the case of "factory hands," the branch of manufacture (as wool, 
cotton, flax, silk, &c.,) should in all cases be specified. So also, with 
laborers, apprentices, contractors, manufacturers, mechanics, overseers, 
&c, the branch should, if possible, not be left undefined, either by 

* This number does not include 62,872 given in the official abstract under the head of 
"other oocupations and unknown." 



the enumerator or by the person upon whom devolves the duty of 
preparing the abstract from the returns furnished by the enumerator. 
It will be seen that the number of persons with respect to whom 
the branch of labor is undefined, in the accompanying table, is quite 
large. - 

The tabular statement now offered is derived from the alphabetical 
abstract of occupations published in connection with the official re- 
port on the census of the United States for the year I860; and is, of 
course, subject to the inaccuracies and incongruities of that abstract. 

The grouping together of persons engaged in kindred employments 
will, it is obvious, enable the investigator to arrive at more satisfac- 
tory conclusions as to the relative numerical importance of different 
classes and interests of the population than would be possible with 
unclassified data. It is evident, also, that such grouping tends 
frequently to cause errors and incongruities of details to be dimin- 
ished or made entirely to disappear in the aggregates — as in the case 
of textile fabrics, where the deficiencies manifest in the special 
branches of the manufacture are largely compensated for by the 
numbers returned under the indefinite designation of "factory hands." 

Apparent incongruities may often be accounted for by the fact that 
one person has, sometimes, several employments, under either of 
which he may have been returned. 

It will be seen (page 7) that, of the entire number of persons whose 
Occupations are Specified in the official abstract, from which these 
data are derived, about four (4.220) per cent, (or 1 in 24) are of the 
Professional Class; eight and one-h*#lf (8.500) per cent, (or 1 in 12) 
of the Domestic Class; eight (7.937) per cent, (or 1 in 13) of the Com- 
mercial Class; forty-one (41.204) per cent, (or 1 in 2^) of the Agri- 
cultural Class; twenty-five (24.661) per cent, (or 1 in 4) of the Indus- 
trial* Class; and thirteen and one-half (13.478) percent, (or.l in 1\) 
of the Indefinite and Non-productive Class; the last mentioned class 
being comprised, in large part, of persons who, inconsequence of the 
imperfection of the returns, could not properly be distributed under 
the preceding classes. 

To the Professional Class there should properly be added the num- 
ber of persons engaged in the defence of the country — a branch of 
the population concerning which no inquiry was made in connection 
with the decennial census. According to official estimates, recently 
furnished for the purposes of this inquiry, the numerical strength of 
the United States army (officers and men) on the first of June, 1860, 

* The term industrial is here used in a somewhat restricted, although popular, sense. 



was 15,336; and the number of persons engaged in the naval service 
of the country (seamen, officers and marine corps) was 10,762; giving 
a total of 26,098. If this total be included with the number in the 
Professional Class, and with the entire number of Specified Occupa- 
tions, the Professional Class will be found to constitute four and one- 
half (4.524) per cent, (or 1 in 22) of such entire number. With this 
Class, also, properly belongs a portion of the one hundred and eighty- 
four thousand (184,485) "clerks," who, owing to indefiniteness either 
in the returns themselves or in the preparation of the official ab- 
stract, have not been distinguished in that abstract from commer- 
cial clerks, and consequently have of necessity been here included 
with Persons engaged in Mercantile Pursuits. 

The Domestic Class is incomplete, comprising merely "students;" 
while the large number of persons who were performing the domes 
tic offices and duties of wives, mothers, children, and relatives at 
home (not otherwise described) were not stated in the official abstract. 

The number of slaves returned by the census was about four mil- 
lions (3,953,760); but no facts were stated showing how they were 
distributed as to employment — as agricultural, domes tic, or industrial. 

Of the Industrial Class — comprising nearly twenty-five per cent, of 
all whose occupations were specified — it will be seen (p. 8) that near- 
ly eight (7.808) per cent, (or 1 in 13) were engaged in Art and Me- 
chanic productions, in which matters of various kinds were employed 
in combination; eight and one-third (8.348) per cent, (or 1 in 12) 
were working or dealing in Textile Fabrics and in Dress; two and 
one half (2.451) per cent, (or 1 in 41) in Food and Drink; somewhat 
over one-fourth (0,278) of one per cent, (or 1 in 360) in Animal Sub- 
stances; one (1.048) per cent, (or 1 in 95) in Vegetable Substances; 
and four and three-fourths (4.728) per cent, (or 1 in 21) in Minerals. 

Had the numbers in the Indefinite Class been properly returned, so 
as to admit of distribution to the specific occupations in which the 
persons were engaged, the percentages above specified would have 
been somewhat larger. 

Washington D. C, July, 1867. 



UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE, 

In Classes, Orders, and .Sub-orders. 
(Census 1860.) 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. 



ALX PERSONS 

Alili PERSONS embraced in the OFFI- 
CIAL. STATEMENT as to OCCUPA- 
TIONS and CONDITIONS 

PERSONS of SPECIFIED OCCUPA- 
TIONS and CONDITIONS 



CLASSES. 
CL.ASS I.-PROFESSIONAL, 



II— DOMESTIC 

III.-COMMERCIAE 

IV.— AGRICULTURAL 

V.-INDUSTRIAL 

VI.— INDEFINITE and NON- 
PRODUCTIVE 



Number of Persona 
enumerated. 



31, 443, 322 



8, 287, 043 



Proportion to 
100, 000 of 
Specified Oc- 
cupations. 



8, 224, 171 100, OOO 



347, 119 

699, 107 

652, 720 

3, 388, 681 

2, 028, 126 

1, 108, 418 



4,220 

8,500 

7,937 

41, 204 

24, 661 

13, 478 



r Not including 62,872 given under the head of " Other oecupations and unknown." 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. 



ill 
II 

12 
13 

11 

15 



16 

17 

18 



ORDERS. 



PROFESSIONAL. 



General and Local Government of the Country 

Defence of the Country 

Learned Professions— Science, Literature, 
and Art 



DOMESTIC. 



Wives, Mothers, Children, Relatives (not 
otherwise denned) 

Entertaining and doing Personal Service 
for Man 



COMMERCIAL. 



Trade (general) 

Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages- 

AGRICULTIIRAL. 

Possessing or Working Land 

Engaged about Animals 

INDUSTRIAL. 

Engaged in Art or Mechanic Productions t.. 
Working and Dealing in Textile Fabrics 

and in Dress 

Working and Dealing in Food and Drink — 
Working and Dealing in Animal Substances - 
Working and Dealing in Vegetable Sub- 
stances 

Working and Dealing in Minerals 

INDEFINITE AND NON-PRODUCTIVE. 

Laborers and others— Branch of Labor un- 
defined 

Persons of Property not returned under any 
Ofiice or Occupation " 

Persons supported by the Community, and 
of no specified Occupation 



Persons of Speci- 
fied Occupations. 



33, 126 

Not stated.' 

313, 993 



49, 993 
649, 114 



395, 931 
256, 789 



Proportion 
to 100,000. 



3, 349, 790 
38, 891 



642, 120 

686, 519 

201, 539 

22, 894 

86, 190 
388, 864 



1, 108, 418 
Not stated • 
Not stated - 



403 
3,817 

608 
7,892 

4,815 
3,122 



40, 731 
473 



7,808 

8,348 

2,451 

278 

1,048 
4,728 



13, 478 



* Official estimates, (Army and Navy,) 26,098. 

t In which matters of various kinds are employed in combination. 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. 



Persons of 
Specified Oc- 
cupations. 



SUB-ORDERS. 



Government. 



National Government 
Local Government 



Defence of the Country. 



Army (at home) 

Navy (ashore or in port) 



Learned Professions — Science, Literature, and Art. 

Ministers and Church Officers 

Law 

Medicine .• 

Literature 

Artists 

Musicians and Teachers of Music 

Actors, &c 

Teachers 

Scientific Persons 



Wives, Mothers, Children, Sfc, (not otherwise defined. ) 

Wives (not otherwise described) 

Widows (not otherwise described) 

Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise de- 
scribed) 1 

Scholars (s'o described) 



Entertaining and doing Personal Service for Man. 



In Board and Lodging 

In Attendance (domestic servants, &c). 



Engaged in Trade (general. ) 



Mercantile Persons 

Other General Dealers . 



Engaged in Conveyance of Men, Goods, and Messages. 



Carriers on Railways 

Do. Roads 

Do. Canals and Rivers 
Do. Seas and Rivers 

Engaged in Storage 

Messengers and Porters 



7,097 
26, 029 



Not stated* . 
do 



39, 858 
34, 839 
72, 270 

3,650 
10, 666 
10,354 

1,755 

113,140 

27, 461 



Not stated . 
do 



do 

49, 993 



53,411 

595, 703 



348, 446 

47, 485 



38, 012 
85, 423 
26, 749 
83, 752 
9,784 
13, 069 



Proportion to 
100, 000. 



86 
317 



484 
423 
879 

44 
130 
126 

21 
376 
334 



608 

649 

7,243 



4,237 

578 



462 
1,039 

325 
1,018 

119 

159 



* According to official estimates recently furnished for the purpose of this inquiry by the Departments df 
War and the Navy, It appears that the numerical strength, on the 1st of June, 1860, of the— 

Regular army (officers and men) was 15 335 

Navy (officers, seamen, and marine corps) 10,' 762 



10 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. 



Possessing or Working Land. 

In Fields and Pastures 

Woods 

Gardens 

Engaged about Animals. 

Engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions. 

In Books 

Musical Instruments 

Prints and Pictures 

Carving and Figures 

Tackle for Sports and Games 

Designs, Medals, and Dies 

Watches and Philosophical Instruments 

Surgical Instruments *. 

Arms 

Machines and Tools 

Carriages 

Harness 

Ships 

Houses and Buildings 

Furniture 

Implements 

Chemicals 

Working and dealing in Textile Fabrics and in Dress 

In Wool and Worsted, (part of) 

Silk, (part of) 

Cotton and Flax, (part of) 

Mixed Materials, (Wool, Silk, Cotton, Flax,)or un 

defined 

Dress 

Hemp and other Fibrous Materials 

Working and dealing in Food and Drink 

In Animal Food 

Vegetable Food 

Drinks and Stimulants 

Working and dealing in Animal Substances. 

In Grease, Bone, Horn, &c 

Skins, Feathers, and Quills 

Hair 



Persons of 
Specified Oc- 
cupations. 



3, 312, 023 
15, 929 

21,838 



38, 891 



33, 252 
3,911 

699 

336 

17 

20, 385 

6, 621 

384 

5,416 

5,919 

20, 025 

26, 439 

23, 542 

399, 228 

45, 303 

45, 687 

4,956 



9, 366 

439 

1.351 

138, 542 

533, 394 

3, 427 



42,278 
82, 039 
77, 222 



4,391 

18, 059 
444 



Proportion to 
100.000. 



40, 272 
194 
265 

473 



404 

48 

9 

4 

• i 

5 

248 

81 

5 

66 

72 

243 

321 

286 

4,854 

551 

556 

60 



114 

5 

16 

1,685 

6,486 

42 



514 

998 
939 



53 

220 
5 



11 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-order. 



Working and dealing in Vegetable Substances. 



In Gums and Resins 

Wood 

Bark 

Cane, Rush, and Straw 
Paper 



Working and dealing in Minerals, 



In Mining 

Coal 

Stone, Clay 

Earthenware 

Glass 

Salt 

Water 

Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones. 

Copper 

Tin and Quicksilver 

Zinc 

Lead and Antimony 

Brass and other Mixed Metals 

Iron and Steel 



Laborers and others — Branch of Labor undefined. 



General Laborers 

Other Persons of Indefinite OccupatioDs . 



Persons of Property not returned under any Office or 
Occupation 



Supported by the Community, and of no Specified Oc- 
cupation. 

On Income from Voluntary Sources (as Paupers, 
Prisoners, and other Persons in Public Institutions, 
when their former employment is not stated) 

Prisoners, and others of Criminal Class, of no speci- 
fied Occupation 

Vagrants, Beggars, and Gipsies 



Persons of 
Specified Oc- 
cupations. 



Not stated. 

Not stated. 
Not stated. 



Proportion to 
100, 000. 



2, 758 


34 


69, 161 


841 


94 


1 


6,441 


78 


7,736 


94 


154, 040 


1,873 


1,063 


13 


43, 369 


27 


176 


2 


3,531 


43 


537 


6 


1,892 


23 


16,119 


196 


1,964 


24 


17,412 


212 


68 


1 


791 


10 


9,923 


120 


137,979 


1,678 


969, 301 


11,786 


139,117 


1,692 











Number of Persons oj no Stated Profession, Occupation, or Con- 
dition 23,219,151 



13 

(CENSUS OF 1860.) 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. 



No. of Persons. 



Government . 



Defence. 



Learned Profes- 
sions—Science, 
Literature, and 
Art. 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS AND 

CONDITIONS. 



National Government. 
United States officers 

Local Government. 



Commissioners... 

Inspectors 

Officers, (public). 



Army, (at home.)* 

Navy, (ashore or in port.)* 

Ministers and Church Officers. 



Not 
Not 



Clergymen . 
Nuns , 



Sextons 

Sisters of Charity. 



Law. 



Conveyancers 

Judges 

Lawyers, notaries public. 



Medicine. 



Ohirop ' tHBato 

Cuppers 

Dentists 

Druggists 

Mid wives 

Oculists 

Patent-medicine makers 

Physicians. .^..-.^ .-, ., y . . . ^ . . 

Surgeons . (&JsH4tf^A^.^£*^L7jl . 

Literature. 



Authors 

Journalists, editors, reporters. 
Interpreters, translators 



Artists. 

Artists, fresco painters, sculptors . 

Card-writers 

Engravers 

Photographers, daguerreotypists. 



Musicians — Teachers of Music. 



Musicians, (vocal and instrumental) 
Music teachers 



Actors, fa. 



Actors 

Conjurors, astrologists, (so called,) ventriloquists. 
Showmen,. 



Teachers. 



Dancing-masters 

Professors, (not otherwise described). 
Teachers 



7,097 

239 

1,097 

24, 693 

enumerated. 

enumerated. 



37, 529 

114 

836 

1,379 



584 

787 

33, 468 



16 

5,606 

11, 031 

271 

83 

203 

54, 543 

51» 



216 

3,405 

29 



4,733 
11 

2,768 
3,154 



4,729 
5,625 



1,490 

19 

246 



171 

2,500 
110, 469 



* Official estimates of Departments of War and the Navy for June 1, 1860 : 

Army : officers, 1,084; enlisted men, 14,252. Navy : officers, 1,099; seamen, 7,600. Marine corps : officers 
63 ; marines, (about,) 2,000. 



14 



Classes, Orders, Sub-orders. 



No. of Persons. 



Learned Profes- 
sions, &c— Con'd. 



Wives, Mothers, 
Children, &c. 



Entertaining; and 
Doing; Personal 
Serviee for Man. 



Persons engaged 
in Trade (gen- 
eral.) 



Conveyanee of 
Men, Goods, and 
Messages. 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

Scientific Perso?is. 

Astronomers, geologists, naturalists, (see professors) 

Civil and mechanical engineers 

Electricians 

Wives, (not otherwise described.) 

Widows, (not otherwise described.) 

Children and Relatives at Home, (not otherwise de- 
scribed.) 

Scholars, (so described.) 

Students 

In Board and Lodging. 

Bar-keepers 

Boarding-house keepers, bath-room keepers 

Cooks 

Innkeepers 

Matrons 

Saloon-keepers, billiard-saloon, bowling-saloon 

In Attendance, (Domestic Servants, SfC.) 

Domestic servants (general) 

Housekeepers 

Nurses 

Mercantile persons. 

Agents 

Auctioneers 

Bankers 

Bank officers A 

Bookkeepers, treasurers (not otherwise described) . . 

Brokers (various,) stock-dealers 

-Clerks 

Collectors 

Gaugers, weighers, and measurers 

Insurance agents 

Merchants, commission merchants, shipping mer- 
chants, importers 

Real estate agents 

Speculators ; 

Other General Dealers. 

Dealers, traders, (not otherwise described) 

Fancy goods dealers 

Junk dealers 

Marketmen, hucksters 

Negro-traders 

Pawnbrokers 

Peddlers 

Carriers on Railways. 

Expressmen 

Railroadmen 

Carriers on Roads. 

Carriers, carters, draymen 

Drivers 

Express-riders 

Livery-stable keepers 

Stage proprietors 

Teamsters 

Carriers on Canals and Rivers. 

Boatmen, ferrymen 

Canal-men 



12 

27, 437 

12 



Not specified. 
Not specified. 
Not specified. 



49, 993 



13, 263 
12, 151 

353 
25,818 

228 
1,598 



565, 178 

22, 393 

8,132 



16, 480 

1,348 

2,753 

2,995 

2,055 

5, 156 

184, 489 

1,707 

850 

589 

127, 999 

43 

1,982 



25, 258 
225 
181 
5,003 
111 
113 

16, 594 



1,445 
36, 567 



25, 645 
19, 521 

36 
5,361 

36 
34, 824 



24, 050 
2 699 



15 



Classes, Orders, Sub-orders. 



No. of Persons. 



Conveyance, Ac- 
Continued. 



Possessing or 
Working Land. 



Engaged about 
Animals. 



Engaged in Art 
and Mechanic 
Productions, em- 
ploying various 
matters in com- 
bination. 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 



Carriers on Seas and Rivers. 



Mariners ., 

Pilots 

Sailing-masters 
Ship-masters . .. 
Stesunboatinen. , 

Stevedores 

Stewards 

Wharfingers 

Whalemen 



Engaged in Storage. 



Packers 

Storekeepers 



Messengers and Porters. 



Porters 

Telegraph service — operators. 
Watchmen and messengers. . . 



In Fields and Pastures. 



Farmers, graziers, herdsmen. 

Farm laborers, threshers 

Planters 

Vine-growers, vine-dresserB-. 



In Woods. 



Lumbermen . 



In Gardens. 



Florists 

Gardeners and nurserymen, horticulturists. 

Engaged about Animals. 



Apiarists 

Cattle-dealers 

Drovers 

Farriers, veterinarians 

Fishermen 

Horse dealers, trainers 

Hunters, trappers, wild-horse catchers . 

Ostlers 

Rancheros 

Riding-masters 

Shepherds, shearers 



In Books. 



Bookbinders 

Book and document folders 

Booksellers and stationers, publishers. 

Librarians 

Newsmen 

Printers 



In Musical Instruments. 



Musical-instrument makers. 

Music-sellers 

Organ-builders 

Piano-forte makers 

Piano-forte tuners 



In Prints and Pictures. 



Block-printers 

Enamelers 

Glass stainers 

Globe-makers 

Lithographers 

Map-makers 

Stencil-plate makers . 



67, 360 

3,358 

837 

3,546 

7,553 

502 

297 

85 

214 



1,921 
7,863 



6,354 
1,956 
4,759 



2, 430, 653 

795, 688 

85, 561 

121 



15, 929 



458 
21, 3P0 



59 

884 

2,477 

834 

21, 905 

890 

1,339 

8, 581 

751 

10 

1,161 



6,010 

350 

2,778 

65 

943 

23, 106 



754 
276 
378 
2,359 
144 



19 

66 

97 

9 

386 

117 

5 



16 




Engaged in Art 
and Mechanic 
Productions. — 
Continued. 



10 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

In Carving and Figures. 

Model-makers 

Ornament-makers 

Plaster-figure makers, stucco-workers 

Taxidermists 

Wax-workers 

In Tackle for Sports and Games. 

Billiard-table makers 

Skate-makers 

In Designs, Medals, and Dies. 

Die-sinkers 

Draughtsmen 

Moulders 

Mould-makers 

Pattern-makers 

In Watches and Philosophical Instruments. 

Clock-makers 

Philosophical instrument makers, (mathematical, nau 

tical, astronomical) 

Opticians 

Scale-makers 

Watch-makers 

Surgical Instruments. 

Artificial limb makers 

Artificial teeth makers 

Surgical-instrument makers 

Truss-makers 

In Arms. 

Armorers 

Gunsmiths 

Percussion-cap makers 

Powder manufacturers 

Shot manufacturers 

In Machines and Tools. 

Auger-makers 

Axe-makers 

Bellows-makers 

Bobbin-makers 

Cotton gin makers 

Cutlers 

Edge-tool makers 

Faucet -makers 

File-cutters 

Fire-engine builders 

Frame makers 

Hame-makers 

Hydraulic-ram manufacturers 

Ink-stand manufacturers 

Lathe-makers 

Needle-makers 

Paper-rulers 

Pen and pencil makers - - 

Plane-makers 

Planers, (steam) 

Razor-strop makers 

Reed-workers 

Rule-makers 

Saw-makers 

Sewing-machine makers 

Sewing-machine operatives 

Shovel-makers 

Shuttle-makers 

Sieve-makers 

Spindle-makers 

Steam-engine builders 

Tbimble-makers 

Tool-makers 



143 

8 

160 

20 

5 



128 

435 

17, 077 

159 

2,586 



1,157 

317 

310 

290 

4,547 



5 

168 
192 
19 



529 

4,511 

19 

342 

15 



84 

120 

60 

3 

21 

862 

5 

5 

670 

18 

620 

5 

7 

2 

23 

72 

95 

230 

261 

43 

85 

4 

65 

526 

100 

264 

41 

29 

69 

2 

135 

2 

1,391 



17 




Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. 



No. of Persons. 



Engaged in Art 
and Mechanic 
Productions. — 
Continued. 



10 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

In Carriages. 

Axletree-makers 

Car-builders 

Coach-makers, wagon-makers, sleigh-makers 

Felloe-makers, spoke-makers, (see coach-makers).. 

In Harness. 

Saddlers, harness-makers 

Whip-makers 

In Skips. 

Block-makers 

Boatbuilders , 

Calkers 

Mast-makers 

Oar-makers 

Riggers 

Sail-makers 

Ship-carpenters 

Ship-chandlers 

Ship-smiths 

In Houses and Buildings. 

Architects 

Blind-makers 

Bricklayers 

Builders 

Carpenters, joiners 

Cellar-diggers, cistern-builders 

Decorators 

Dock-builders 

Glaziers 

House-framers, house-movers 

Masons, (brick and stone) 

Painters and varuishers 

Paper-hangers 

Pavers 

Plasterers r 

Plumbers 

Roofers aud slaters, tile-makers 

Sash-makers , 

Shingle-makers 

Staircase-builders 

Stencilers 

Whitewashers 

In Furniture. 

Cabinet-makers, furniture dealers, show-case manu 

facturers 

Carvers 

Chair-makers 

Gilders 

Looking-glass makers 

Mattress-makers 

Trunk-makers 

Undertakers 

Upholsterers, furnishers 

Window-shade makers 



In Implements. 

Agricultural implement makers. 

Millwrights 

Pump-makers 

Wheelwrights 



In Chemicals. 

Blacking manufacturers 

Chemists 

Dyers and scourers 

Firework-makers 



91 

477 

19, 420 

37 



25, 484 
955 



484 

2, 632 

2, 841 

352 

25 

1,210 

2, 359 

13,392 

07 

180 



1, 263 
505 

14,311 

2,911 

251, 286 

10 

16 

31 

474 

18 

48, 925 

51, 695 

2, 005 
892 

13, 116 

3, 362 
L.938 
2, 309 
2, 478 

12 

97 

1,574 



29, 309 

2, 269 
6,341 
1,503 

123 

14 

1,621 

835 

3, 205 

83 



2,390 

9, 063 

1,541 

32, 693 



50 

574 

3,348 

88 



18 



Classes, Orders, Sub-orders. 



No. of Persons. 



Engaged in Art 
and Mechanic 
Productions. — 
Cont'd. 



Working and Deal 
iiig in Textile 
Fabrics and 
Dress. 



11 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

Fluid manufacturers 

Ink manufacturers 

Match-makers 

Paint-makers 

Pot and Pearl ash manufacturers 

Saleratus-makers 

Soda manufacturers 

Starch manufacturers 

Wafer-makers 

White -lead manufacturers 

hi Wool and Worsted, (part of.) 

Carders, knitters, wool-sorters, wool-combers, cloth- 
finishers, (see factory hands) 

Carpet-makers 

Clothiers 

Wool dealers 

Woollen manufacturers, cloth manufacturers, wors- 
ted-makers 

In Silk, (part of.) 

Silk operatives, (pee factory hands) 

Silk manufacturers 

In Cotton and Flax, (part of.) 

Calico-printers, (see factory hands) 

Cotton cloth manufacturers 

Flax-dressers 

Lace manufacturers 

Thread-makers 

Others working and dealing in cotton and flax 

In Mixed Materials, (Wool, Silk, Cotton, Flax,) or un- 
defined. 

Bleachers, (not otherwise defined) 

Embroiderers 

Factory hands, (Woollen, Silk, Cotton, &c.,) not 

specially defined 

Fringe-makers 

Spinners, (not otherwise defined) 

Tassel -makers 

Trimmers 

Warpers, (not otherwise defined) 

Weavers, (not otherwise defined) 

In Dress. 

Barbers, hairdressers, wig-makers 

Bonnet manufacturers 

Button-makers 

Cap-makers 

Collar-makers 

Corset-makers 

Furriers 

Glovers 

Hat-binders 

Hatters 

Hoop-skirt makers 

Hosiers 

Laundresses 

Machinists, (branch undefined) 

Mantua-makers 

Military-trimming makers, regalia-makers 

Milliners 

Seamstresses 

Shirt-makers 

Shoemakers, binders, dealers 

Skirt-makers 

Stock-makers 

Suspender-makers 

Tailors and tailoresses 

Umbrella manufacturers 



5 

163 

418 

8 

147 

13 

12 

78 

7 

45 



2,829 

1,481 

3, 346 

392 

1,318 



24 
415 



321 
335 
281 
353 
38 
23 



519 
285 

87, 289 

656 

9, 35S 

38 

3,822 

397 

36, 178 



11, 156 

208 

778 

28 

22 

37 

785 

753 

855 

11, 647 

419 

425 

38, 633 

43, 824 

35, 165 

23 

25, 722 

90, 198 

375 

168, 857 

761 

71 

26 

101,868 

758 



19 



Workingand deal- 
ing in Textile 
Fabrics— Cont'd. 



Workingand deal- 
ing in Food and 
Drinks. 



11 



13 



Working and deal- 
ing in Animal 

(S [instances. 



i:i 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials, (part of.) 

Bag-makers 

Cord and twine makers, net-makers, seine-makers . 

Hemp-dressers 

Mat-makers 

Oil-cloth and tarpaulin manufacturers 

Rope-makers 



In An imal Food. 



Butchers, sausage-makers 

Dairymen 

Milkmen 

( (ystermen 

Provision dealers, pork dealers, fish dealers. 



No. of Persons. 



In Vegetable Food. 



Arrow-root manufacturers 

Bakers 

Confectioners 

Flour dealers 

Fruiterers 

Millers 

Produce dealers, grain dealers, seedsmen. 
Refectory-keepers 



In Drinks and Stimulants. 



Bottlers 

Brewers and malsters 

Chocolate manufacturers 

Coffee grinders, roasters 

Distillers, rectifiers 

Grocers 

Mineral-water makers 

Mustard-makers 

Perfumers 

Picklers and preservers 

Spice-makers .... 

Sugar manufacturers 

Tea dealers 

Tobacco manufacturers, cutters. 

Tobacconists 

Vinegar-makers 

Wine and liquor dealers 

Wine-makers 

Yeast-makers 



In Grease, Bones, Horns, §c. 



Boneblack-makers 

Chandlers 

Comb-makers 

Glue-makers 

Lard and lard-oil manufacturers . 
Oil-makers, dealers 



In Skins, Feathers, and Quills 

Belt-makers 

Brush-makers 

Feather-dressers 

Hose-makers 

Leather dealers, workers 

Morocco-dressers 

Pocket-book manufacturers 

Patent-leather manufacturers 

Tanners and curriers , 

Curriers 

In Hair. 

Hair-workers 



77 
426 

42 

202 

41!) 

2,261 



30, 161 
1, 952 
3, 439 
4,636 

2,090 



11 
19, 001 
6, 293 
967 
1,984 
37, 281 
3,448 
13, 054 



398 

6,307 

17 

48 

2,553 

40, 070 

141 

41 

216 

63 

3 

469 

440 

77 

21,413 

283 

4,541 

129 

13 



64 

2,971 

689 

216 

21 
430 



15 

1,739 

15 

9 

78 

1,820 

261 

93 

10,481 

3,548 



20 



Classes, Orders, aud Sub-orders 



No. of Persons. 



Woi'kingaiid deal- 
ing in Vegetable 
Substances. 



Working and deal- 
ing in Minerals. 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

In Gums and Reshis. 

India-rubber manufacturers 

India-rubber workers 

Japanners 

Linseed-oil manufacturers 

Turpentine, tar, and resin makers 

Varnish-makers 

In Wood. 

Axehelve-makers 

Case-makers 

Box-makers, knob-makers 

Coopers, hoop-makers 

Fence-makers 

Lath-makers 

Last-makers 

Lumber merchants, sawyers 

Saddle-tree makers 

Shoe-peg makers 

Stave-makers 

Willow- workers 

Woi id-cutters, wood-corders 

Wood-dealers 

Wooden-ware manufacturers 

In Bark. 

Cork-cutters 



In Cane, Rush, and Straw. 

Basket-makers 

Broom-makers 

Cane-makers 

Straw-workers 

In Paper. 

Artificial flower makers 

Bill-posters 

Card-makers 

Envelope-makers 

Paper dealers 

Paper manufacturers 

Paper-stainers 

Paper-tube makers 

Kag-collectors 

Stationers 

In Alining. 

Colliers 

Explorers 

Miners 

In Coal. 

Charcoal-burners 

Chimney sweeps 

Coal dealers 

Coal oil makers, dealers 

Gas-makers 

In Stone — Clay. 

Brick-makers 

Bridge-builders 

Cement-makers 

Chalk manufacturers, whiting manufacturers 

Grindstone-makers 

Lime-burners, dealers 

Millstone-makers 

Potters 

Quarry men 

Scavengers 

Stone aud marble cutters 



250 

550 

36 

1,380 

334 



22 

131 

2,638 

43, 626 

753 

504 

400 

15, 176 

112 

108 

262 

o 

3,463 

1,228 
736 



2, 862 

1,288 

4 

2,287 



600 
24 
137 
194 
430 
4,578 
327 
13 
868 
565 



6, 288 
o 

147, 750 



203 
40 

341 
15 

464 



13, 736" 

417 

67 

13 

28 

1,461 

10 

3,470 

4,119 

223 

19,82 



21 




Working and deal- 
ing in Minerals 
—Continued. 



15 



10 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued 

In Earthenware. 

Filter-makers 

Pipe-makers 

Porcelain manufacturers 

In Qlass. 

Glass manufacturers 

Glass-cutters 

Glass-makers 

In Salt. 

Salt-makers 

In Water. 

Ice dealers 

Sub-marine divers 

Well-diggers 

In Gold, Silver, and Precious Sto?ies. 

Assayers 

Electrotypers 

Gold-beaters 

Goldsmiths, silversmiths, jewellers 

Lapidaries 

Pearl-workers 

Platers 

In Copper. 

Coppersmiths, workers, rollers 

In Tin and Quicksilver. 

Tinsmiths 

In Zinc. 

Zinc manufacturers 

In Lead and Antimony. 

Lead-workers, smelters 

Stereotypers 

Type-cutters 

Type-founders 

In Brass and other Mixed Metals. 

Bellfounders 

Bellhangers 

Brassfounders 

Brassworkers 

Britannia-workers 

Buckle-makers 

Coiners 

Gas-fitters 

Gas-fixture manufacturers, chandelier-makers . . 

Hook and eye manufacturers 

Lamp-makers 

Lightning-rod makers 

Locksmiths 

Pin manufacturers 

Polishers and burnishers 

Spoon-makers 

Whitesmiths 

In Iron and Steel. 

Blacksmiths 

Boiler-makers 

Chain-makers 

Grate-makers 

Grinders, (undefined) 



4 
147 
25 



3,225 

55 

251 



537 



866 


10 


1,016 


51 


4 


354 


13, 899 


61 


5 


1,745 



17,412 



116 
156 
98 

421 



69 

113 

939 

1,601 

334 

25 

35 

2,648 

32 

2 

437 

164 

2, 234 

36 

340 

173 

741 



112, 357 

3,313 

30 

129 

79 



22 



Working: and deal- 
ing' in Minerals— 
Continued. 



Laborers and 
others— Branch 
of Labor unde- 
fined. 



[dAviu *' into ft** \ 



Supported hy the 
Community, and 
of no Specified 
Occupation. 



15 



17 



18 



Classes, Orders, and Sub-orders. 



SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONS.— Continued. 

Hardware dealers 

Hardware manufacturers 

Iron-founders, forgemen, smelters 

Ironmongers 

Iron-workers, (indefinite) 

Nailers 

Nail manufacturers 

Safe-makers, (iron) 

Screw-makers 

Spring-makers 

Steel manufacturers 

Stove-makers, dealers 

Tack-makers 

Wire-makers 

Wire-cloth makers 

Wire-workers 

General Laborers. 

Laborers, (general or branch, undefined) 

Other Persons of Indefinite Occupations. 

Apprentices, (branch undefined) 

Contractors, (branch undefined) 

Finishers, (branch undefined) 

Firemen, (branch undefined) 

Gate-keepers, (undefined) 

Gunners, (not otherwise defined) 

Manufacturers, (not otherwise described) 

Mechanics, (not otherwise described) 

Overseers, (undefined) 

Refiners, (undefined) 

Turners, (metal, ivory, and wood) 

Persons of Property, not returned under any Office 
or Occupation. 

On Income from Voluntary or Charitable Sources, 
(when former occupation, not specified.) 

Prisoners and others of Criminal Class, of no Sped 
fied Occupation. 

Vagrants ,Beggars, and Gipsies. 



Persons of no stated Profession, Occupation, or Condition . 



No. of Persons. 



95 

801 

6,770 

829 

8,070 

425 

2,065 

292 

176 

370 

114 

906 

203 

330 

8 

617 



969, 301 



55, 326 

3, 120 

1,139 

513 

1,966 
o 

11, 283 

23, 492 

37, 883 

366 

4, 027 



Not stated. 



Not stated. 
Not stated. 
Not stated. 



*23, 219, 151 



* Including 62,872 in the official abstract under the head of "other occupations and unknown." 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



013 827 751 3 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



"0""013 827 751 3 ?* 



Hollinger 

pH8.5 

Mill Run F3-1955 



